# Go 到 Python 迁移指南

本文档详细说明了从Go项目迁移到Python项目的对应关系。

## 技术栈对照表

| Go | Python | 说明 |
|----|--------|------|
| Gin | FastAPI | Web框架 |
| Gorilla WebSocket | FastAPI原生WebSocket | WebSocket支持 |
| database/sql + pq | SQLAlchemy + psycopg2 | 数据库访问 |
| encoding/json | Pydantic + json | JSON序列化 |
| os.Getenv | python-dotenv + pydantic-settings | 环境变量 |
| log | logging | 日志 |
| time | datetime | 时间处理 |
| sync.Mutex | threading.Lock/asyncio.Lock | 并发锁 |
| context.Context | 直接使用async/await | 上下文 |

## 项目结构对照表

```
Go                          Python
├── adapter/                app/adapters/
│   ├── adapter.go          base.py
│   └── tushare/            
│       ├── adapter.go      tushare_adapter.py
│       └── client.go       (集成到adapter)
├── api/
│   ├── types.go            app/models/types.py
│   ├── router.go           app/api/routes.py
│   ├── admin_types.go      app/models/admin_types.py
│   └── admin_router.go     app/api/admin_routes.py
├── cmd/
│   ├── server/main.go      app/main.py
│   └── sync/main.go        scripts/sync_data.py
├── internal/
│   ├── handler/
│   │   ├── handler.go      (合并到routes)
│   │   └── admin.go        (合并到admin_routes)
│   ├── service/
│   │   ├── service.go      (拆分到各service)
│   │   ├── stock.go        app/services/stock_service.py
│   │   ├── futures.go      app/services/futures_service.py
│   │   ├── admin.go        app/services/admin_service.py
│   │   ├── config.go       app/services/config_service.py
│   │   ├── adapter.go      app/services/adapter_service.py
│   │   └── test.go         app/services/test_service.py
│   ├── repository/
│   │   ├── repository.go   (合并)
│   │   ├── stock.go        app/repositories/stock_repository.py
│   │   └── futures.go      app/repositories/futures_repository.py
│   ├── model/model.go      app/repositories/models.py
│   ├── websocket/server.go app/websocket/server.py
│   └── monitor/monitor.go  app/monitor/monitor.py
├── pkg/
│   ├── config/config.go    app/core/config.py
│   ├── logger/logger.go    app/core/logger.py
│   └── errors/errors.go    app/core/errors.py
└── config.json             config.json (相同)
```

## 类型系统对照表

### 基础类型

| Go | Python |
|----|--------|
| `type Frequency string` | `class Frequency(str, Enum)` |
| `type AdjustType string` | `class AdjustType(str, Enum)` |
| `type AssetClass string` | `class AssetClass(str, Enum)` |
| `struct KLineItem` | `class KLineItem(BaseModel)` |
| `struct KLineData` | `class KLineData(BaseModel)` |
| `interface Handler` | 通过FastAPI依赖注入实现 |

### 类型转换示例

**Go:**
```go
type KLineItem struct {
    Time   time.Time `json:"time"`
    Open   float64   `json:"open"`
    Volume int64     `json:"volume"`
}
```

**Python:**
```python
class KLineItem(BaseModel):
    time: datetime = Field(..., description="时间戳")
    open: float = Field(..., description="开盘价")
    volume: int = Field(..., description="成交量")
    
    class Config:
        json_encoders = {
            datetime: lambda v: v.isoformat()
        }
```

## 接口路由对照表

### 股票接口

| Go路由 | Python路由 | 方法 |
|--------|------------|------|
| `stock.GET("/klines/:symbol", r.queryStockKLines)` | `@router.get("/stock/klines/{symbol}")` | GET |
| `stock.GET("/symbols", r.listStockSymbols)` | `@router.get("/stock/symbols")` | GET |
| `stock.POST("/klines/batch", r.batchQueryStockKLines)` | `@router.post("/stock/klines/batch")` | POST |
| `stock.GET("/trading-dates", r.getStockTradingDates)` | `@router.get("/stock/trading-dates")` | GET |

### 参数绑定对比

**Go (Gin):**
```go
func (r *Router) queryStockKLines(c *gin.Context) {
    var req KLineQueryRequest
    if err := c.ShouldBindQuery(&req); err != nil {
        c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, ErrorResponse{...})
        return
    }
    req.Symbol = c.Param("symbol")
    // ...
}
```

**Python (FastAPI):**
```python
@router.get("/stock/klines/{symbol}")
def query_stock_klines(
    symbol: str,  # 路径参数
    start: str = Query(...),  # 查询参数
    end: str = Query(...),
    db: Session = Depends(get_db)  # 依赖注入
):
    service = StockService(db)
    req = KLineQueryRequest(symbol=symbol, start=start, end=end)
    data = service.query_klines(req)
    return Response(code=0, message="success", data=data)
```

## 数据库访问对照表

### 查询K线数据

**Go:**
```go
query := fmt.Sprintf(`
    SELECT ts, open, high, low, close, volume, amount
    FROM %s
    WHERE symbol_id = $1 AND ts >= $2 AND ts <= $3
    ORDER BY ts ASC
`, tableName)
rows, err := r.db.QueryContext(ctx, query, symbol, start, end)
```

**Python (SQLAlchemy):**
```python
query = self.db.query(kline_model).filter(
    kline_model.symbol_id == symbol,
    kline_model.ts >= start,
    kline_model.ts <= end
).order_by(kline_model.ts.asc())
results = query.all()
```

### 批量插入

**Go:**
```go
query := fmt.Sprintf(`
    INSERT INTO %s (symbol_id, ts, open, ...)
    VALUES %s
    ON CONFLICT (symbol_id, ts) DO UPDATE SET...
`, tableName, strings.Join(valueStrs, ","))
_, err := r.db.ExecContext(ctx, query, args...)
```

**Python (SQLAlchemy):**
```python
for item in items:
    existing = self.db.query(kline_model).filter(...).first()
    if existing:
        # 更新
        existing.open = item.open
        ...
    else:
        # 插入
        new_record = kline_model(...)
        self.db.add(new_record)
self.db.commit()
```

## WebSocket对照表

### Go (Gorilla)

```go
type Hub struct {
    clients map[*Client]bool
    subscriptions map[string]map[*Client]bool
}

func (h *Hub) Run() {
    for {
        select {
        case client := <-h.register:
            h.clients[client] = true
        // ...
        }
    }
}
```

### Python (FastAPI)

```python
class WebSocketManager:
    def __init__(self):
        self.clients: Dict[str, WSClient] = {}
        self.subscriptions: Dict[str, Set[str]] = {}
        self.lock = asyncio.Lock()
    
    async def connect(self, websocket: WebSocket, client_id: str):
        await websocket.accept()
        async with self.lock:
            self.clients[client_id] = WSClient(id=client_id, websocket=websocket)
```

## 配置管理对照表

### Go

```go
type Config struct {
    Server   ServerConfig   `json:"server"`
    Database DatabaseConfig `json:"database"`
}

func Load(path string) (*Config, error) {
    data, err := os.ReadFile(path)
    // ...
    json.Unmarshal(data, &cfg)
    return &cfg, nil
}
```

### Python

```python
class Config(BaseModel):
    server: ServerConfig = Field(default_factory=ServerConfig)
    database: DatabaseConfig = Field(default_factory=DatabaseConfig)

def load_config(config_path: str = "./config.json") -> Config:
    with open(config_path, 'r') as f:
        data = json.load(f)
    return Config.model_validate(data)
```

## 启动方式对照表

### Go

```bash
go run ./cmd/server/main.go
```

### Python

```bash
# 方式1: 直接运行
python -m app.main

# 方式2: 使用uvicorn
uvicorn app.main:app --reload --port 8080

# 方式3: 生产环境
gunicorn app.main:app -w 4 -k uvicorn.workers.UvicornWorker
```

## 数据同步工具对照表

### Go

```bash
go run ./cmd/sync -type stocks
go run ./cmd/sync -type klines -symbol 000001.SZ -start 20240301 -end 20240307
```

### Python

```bash
python scripts/sync_data.py --type stocks
python scripts/sync_data.py --type klines --symbol 000001.SZ --start 20240301 --end 20240307
```

## 依赖管理对照表

### Go (go.mod)

```go
require (
    github.com/gin-gonic/gin v1.9.1
    github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.5.0
    github.com/lib/pq v1.10.9
)
```

### Python (requirements.txt)

```
fastapi==0.115.0
uvicorn[standard]==0.32.0
sqlalchemy==2.0.36
psycopg2-binary==2.9.10
```

## 测试接口对照表

| 接口 | Go调用 | Python调用 |
|------|--------|------------|
| 健康检查 | `curl http://localhost:8080/v1/admin/health` | 相同 |
| 查询股票K线 | `curl "http://localhost:8080/v1/stock/klines/000001.SZ?start=20250301&end=20250307" -H "X-API-Key: key"` | 相同 |
| 批量查询 | `curl -X POST ... -d '{"symbols":["000001.SZ"],...}'` | 相同 |

所有API接口和响应格式与Go版本完全一致，客户端无需任何修改即可切换到Python后端。